Damage is the amount it took to kill the ship, fitted is the overall value of modules, destroyed is the value that was ultimately destroyed (ship hull price plus modules with a 50% chance) dropped are the modules that were not destroyed (again 50% chance) and could have been looted by the attacker(s)
EDIT: this is a special case, usually the values come right from the market, however, this was a special edition ship (only 25 will ever exist) so it has a little arbitrary and very high price.
As long as you're not talking about hauling performance, none.
The size of the cargo does not have any effect on the ship's other attributes, neither has the mass of the items in your cargo.
Can anybody help me with the some concepts here? I am doing some research on this game and I need to know what is the unit measurement of "Damage" and "point".